Bumpmapping

By Mikael Kalms (Scout / C-Lous)

@atari

Published in 

atari

 · 9 Jan 2021

Bump is essentially having individual XY-offsets in the envmap/phongmap for every pixel.

2d Bump

The simplest form requires one phongmap and one bumpmap. The phongmap is your usual phongtexture, and the bumpmap contains one word per pixel. The bumped 2D phong is drawn using this technique:

 for Y = 0 to scrheight 
 { 
   for X = 0 to scrwidth 
   { 
     PhongX = X + Bump[X][Y][0] 
     PhongY = Y + Bump[X][Y][1] 
     C = Phong[PhongX][PhongY] 
     putpixel(X,Y,C) 
   } 
 } 

An example of this kind of bump can be found in Orange's "The Sea Robot of Love" (PC, 64k at The Party V). Bump with picture can be seen in 3LE's "The Tribe" (first place at Icing '96). Picture/bump is accomplished by adding a pixelread and a shade table lookup to the innerloop.

Bump is a good addition to standard zoomrotators: have a look at C-Lous' "Kolor Remix" (Remedy '96) for an example of it.

3d Bump

(err... rather "2D polygon bump")

Don't settle with phong bump, go for the real thing! That is, phong bump texture... It does not take much more CPU time.
As the bump and the texture both are fixed on the surface of the 3D-obejct(s), they have the same UV coordinates, thus giving only a few more instructions for adding bump. This is a (slow) example of an inner loop:

 ; a0 = texture, a1 = phong, a2 = bump, a3 = shadetab, a4 = screen 
 .pixel    add.w  tustep,d0 
           add.w  tvstep,d1 
           add.w  pustep,d2 
           add.w  pvstep,d3 
           move.w         pustep,d5 
 ; Get UV offs in phong 
           lsr.w     #8,d5 
           move.w          pvstep,d4 
           move.b          d5,d4 
           move.w          tustep,d6 
 ; Get UV offs in texture & bump 
           lsr.w   #8,d6 
           move.w          tvstep,d5 
           move.b          d6,d5 
           add.w  (a2,d5.w*2),d4 
 ; Add the bump offs for current pixel 
           move.b          (a1,d4.l),d4 
 ; Get phong 
           lsl.w    #8,d4 
           move.b          (a0,d5.l),d4 
 ; Get texture 
           move.b       (a3,d4.l),(a4)+ 
 ; Write shaded pixel to screen 
           dbf     d7,.pixel 

The bump effect adds quite a bit of realism to normal phong texture.

Generating the bumpmap

It is tricky to get a good-looking bumpmap. One way (useful for 2D bump) is saying that the brighter a pixel is, the higher above the flat surface it is.
First convert the picture to grayscale using some program like PicCon.
Then the bump value can be calculated in this way:

 bump[X][Y][0] = (texture[X-1][Y] - texture[X+1][Y]) * scale 
 bump[X][Y][1] = (texture[X][Y-1] - texture[X][Y+1]) * scale 

Appropriate values for scale varies from texture to texture.