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MC68000 INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES

DrWatson's profile picture
@DrWatson
Published in 
atari
 · 23 Nov 2023

MC68000 INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

 
( TAB-SIZE = 4 ) 
In this data it is assumed that both read and write cycle times are four clock periods. 
The number of read or write cycles isenclosed in parenthesis (R/W) following the number 
of clock periods. Any questions/suggestions or... -> contact me: 

						Nobody of Condemned 
						Viisarikiventie  15 
						   90650 OULU 65 
							  FINLAND 

					DO NOT CHANGE THIS !!!!   OR... 

 ( CALL CEMETERY BBS +358-81-5302117   OPEN DAILY 22.00-07.00 !!!!! ) 

				TABLE 1 EFFECTIVE ADDRESS CALCULATION TIMES 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
|                     Addressing Mode	                        |       Word	|  Long	| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| Dn		| Data Register Direct		                |	0(0/0)	|0(0/0)	| 
| An		| Address Register Direct			|	0(0/0)	|0(0/0)	| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| (An)		| Address Register Indirect			|	4(1/0)	|8(2/0)	| 
| (An)+		| Address Register Indirect with Postincreament	|	4(1/0)	|8(2/0)	| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| -(An)		| Address Register Indirect with Predecreament	|	6(1/0)	|10(2/0)| 
| d(An)		| Address Register Indirect with Displacement	|	8(2/0)	|12(3/0)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| d(An, Rn)*	| Address Register Indirect with Index		|	10(2/0)	|14(3/0)| 
| xxx.W			| Absolute Short			|	8(2/0)	|12(3/0)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| xxx.L			| Absolute Long				|	12(3/0)	|16(4/0)| 
| d(PC)			| Program Counter with Displacement	|	8(2/0)	|12(3/0)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| d(PC, Rn)*	| Program counter with Index			|	10(2/0)	|14(3/0)| 
| #xxx			| Immediate				|	4(1/0)	| 8(2/0)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
* The size of the index register does not affect execution time 

				TABLE 2 MOVE BYTE AND WORD INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
|	Source	|		      Destination					| 
|		|   Dn  |   An	| (An)	| (An)+	| -(An)	| d(An)	|d(An,R)| xxx.W | xxx.L	| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| Dn		| 4(1/0)| 4(1/0)| 8(1/1)| 8(1/1)| 8(1/1)|12(2/1)|14(2/1)|12(2/1)|16(3/1)| 
| An		| 4(1/0)| 4(1/0)| 8(1/1)| 8(1/1)| 8(1/1)|12(2/1)|14(2/1)|12(2/1)|16(3/1)| 
| (An)		| 8(2/0)| 8(2/0)|12(2/1)|12(2/1)|12(2/1)|16(3/1)|18(3/1)|16(3/1)|20(4/1)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| (An)+		| 8(2/0)| 8(2/0)|12(2/1)|12(2/1)|12(2/1)|16(3/1)|18(3/1)|16(3/1)|20(4/1)| 
| -(An)		|10(2/0)|10(2/0)|14(2/1)|14(2/1)|14(2/1)|18(3/1)|20(3/1)|18(3/1)|22(4/1)| 
| d(An)		|12(3/0)|12(3/0)|16(3/1)|16(3/1)|16(3/1)|20(4/1)|22(4/1)|20(4/1)|24(5/1)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| d(An, Rn)*	|14(3/0)|14(3/0)|18(3/1)|18(3/1)|18(3/1)|22(4/1)|24(4/1)|22(4/1)|26(5/1)| 
| xxx.W		|12(3/0)|12(3/0)|16(3/1)|16(3/1)|16(3/1)|20(4/1)|22(4/1)|20(4/1)|24(5/1)| 
| xxx.L		|16(4/0)|16(4/0)|20(4/1)|20(4/1)|20(4/1)|24(5/1)|26(5/1)|24(5/1)|28(6/1)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| d(PC)		|12(3/0)|12(3/0)|16(3/1)|16(3/1)|16(3/1)|20(4/1)|22(4/1)|20(4/1)|24(5/1)| 
| d(PC, Rn)*	|14(3/0)|14(3/0)|18(3/1)|18(3/1)|18(3/1)|22(4/1)|24(4/1)|22(4/1)|26(5/1)| 
| #xxx		| 8(2/0)| 8(2/0)|12(2/1)|12(2/1)|12(2/1)|16(3/1)|18(3/1)|16(3/1)|20(4/1)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
* The size of the index register does not affect execution time 

TABLE 3 MOVE LONG INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
|	Source	|			Destination					| 
|		|   Dn  |  An	| (An)	| (An)+	| -(An)	| d(An)	|d(An,R)| xxx.W | xxx.L	| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| Dn		| 4(1/0)| 4(1/0)|12(1/2)|12(1/2)|12(1/2)|16(2/2)|18(2/2)|16(2/2)|20(3/2)| 
| An		| 4(1/0)| 4(1/0)|12(1/2)|12(1/2)|12(1/2)|16(2/2)|18(2/2)|16(2/2)|20(3/2)| 
| (An)		|12(3/0)|12(3/0)|20(3/2)|20(3/2)|20(3/2)|24(4/2)|26(4/2)|24(4/2)|28(5/2)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| (An)+		|12(3/0)|12(3/0)|20(3/2)|20(3/2)|20(3/2)|24(4/2)|26(4/2)|24(4/2)|28(5/2)| 
| -(An)		|14(3/0)|14(3/0)|22(3/2)|22(3/2)|22(3/2)|26(4/2)|28(4/2)|26(4/2)|30(5/2)| 
| d(An)		|16(4/0)|16(4/0)|24(4/2)|24(4/2)|24(4/2)|28(5/2)|30(5/2)|28(5/2)|32(6/2)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| d(An, Rn)*	|18(4/0)|18(4/0)|26(4/2)|26(4/2)|26(4/2)|30(5/2)|32(5/2)|30(5/2)|34(6/2)| 
| xxx.W		|16(4/0)|16(4/0)|24(4/2)|24(4/2)|24(4/2)|28(5/2)|30(5/2)|28(5/2)|32(6/2)| 
| xxx.L		|20(5/0)|20(5/0)|28(5/2)|28(5/2)|28(5/2)|32(6/2)|34(6/2)|32(6/2)|36(7/2)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| d(PC)		|16(4/0)|16(4/0)|24(4/2)|24(4/2)|24(4/2)|28(5/2)|30(5/2)|28(5/2)|32(5/2)| 
| d(PC, Rn)*	|18(4/0)|18(4/0)|26(4/2)|26(4/2)|26(4/2)|30(5/2)|32(5/2)|30(5/2)|34(6/2)| 
| #xxx		|12(3/0)|12(3/0)|20(3/2)|20(3/2)|20(3/2)|24(4/2)|26(4/2)|24(4/2)|28(5/2)| 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
* The size of the index register does not affect execution time 

	TABLE 4 STANDART INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

--------------------------------------------------------- 
|Instruction| Size	|op<ea>,An^	| op<ea>,Dn	| op Dn,<M>	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|  ADD      | Word	|  8(1/0)+	|  4(1/0)+	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	| 6(1/0)+**	| 6(1/0)+**	| 12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|  AND	    | Word	|	  -		|  4(1/0)+	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|	    | Long	|	  -		| 6(1/0)+**	| 12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|  CMP	    | Word	|  6(1/0)+	|  4(1/0)+	|	  -		| 
|	    | Long	|  6(1/0)+	|  6(1/0)+	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|  DIVS	    |	-	|	  -		|158(1/0)+*	|	  -		| 
|  DIVU     |	-	|	  -		|140(1/0)+*	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|  EOR	    | Word	|	  -		| 4(1/0)***	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|	    | Long	|	  -		| 8(1/0)***	| 12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|  MULS	    |	-	|	  -		| 70(1/0)+*	|	  -		| 
|  MULU	    |	-	|	  -		| 70(1/0)+*	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|  OR	    | Word	|	  -		|  4(1/0)+	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|	    | Long	|	  -		| 6(1/0)+**	| 12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|  SUB	    | Word	|  8(1/0)+	|  4(1/0)+	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|	    | Long	| 6(1/0)+**	| 6(1/0)+**	| 12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
+ Add effective address calculation time 
^ Word or long only 
* Indicates maximum value 
** The base time of 6cc is increased to eight if the effective 
   address mode is register direct or immediate 
*** Only available effective address mode is data register direct 
DIVS, DIVU - The divide algorithm used by the MC68000 provides less 
			 than 10% difference between the best and worst case timings. 
MULS, MULU - The multiply algorithm requires 38+2n clocks where n is defined as: 
		MULU:n=the number of ones in the <ea> 
		MULS:n=concatanate the <ea> with a zero as the LSB; n is the resultant 
			   number of 10 or 01 patterns in the 17-bit source; i.e., worst 
			   case happens when the source is $5555. 

	TABLE 5 IMMEDIATE INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

--------------------------------------------------------- 
|Instruction| Size	|  op #,Dn	| op #,An	|  op #,M	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|	ADDI	| Word	|  8(2/0)	|	  -		|  12(2/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  16(3/0)	|	  -		|  20(3/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|	ADDQ	| Word	|  4(1/0)	|  8(1/0)*	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  8(1/0)	|  8(1/0)	|  12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|	ANDI	| Word	|  8(2/0)	|	  -		|  12(2/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  16(3/0)	|	  -		|  20(3/1)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|	CMPI	| Word	|  8(2/0)	|	  -		|  8(2/0)+	| 
|			| Long	|  14(3/0)	|	  -		|  12(3/0)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|	EORI	| Word	|  8(2/0)	|	  -		|  12(2/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  16(3/0)	|	  -		|  20(3/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|	MOVEQ	| Long	|  4(1/0)	|	  -		|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|	ORI		| Word	|  8(2/0)	|	  -		|  12(2/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  16(3/0)	|	  -		|  20(3/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|	SUBI	| Word	|  8(2/0)	|	  -		|  12(2/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  16(3/0)	|	  -		|  20(3/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
|	SUBQ	| Word	|  4(1/0)	|  8(1/0)*	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  8(1/0)	|  8(1/0)	|  12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------------------- 
+ Add effective address calculation time 
* Word only 

TABLE 6 SINGLE OPERAND INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

--------------------------------------------- 
|Instruction| Size	| Register	|  Memory	| 
--------------------------------------------- 
|	CLR		| Word	|  4(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  6(1/0)	|  12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------- 
|	NBCD	| Byte	|  6(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
--------------------------------------------- 
|	NEG		| Word	|  4(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  6(1/0)	|  12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------- 
|	NEGX	| Word	|  4(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  6(1/0)	|  12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------- 
|	NOT		| Word	|  4(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  6(1/0)	|  12(1/2)+	| 
--------------------------------------------- 
|	Scc		|Byte,F	|  4(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			|Byte,T	|  6(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
--------------------------------------------- 
|	TAS		| Byte	|  4(1/0)	|  10(1/1)+	| 
--------------------------------------------- 
|	TST		| Word	|  4(1/0)	|  4(1/0)+	| 
|			| Long	|  4(1/0)	|  4(1/0)+	| 
--------------------------------------------- 
+ Add effective address calculation time 

TABLE 7 SHIFT/ROTATE INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

--------------------------------------------- 
|Instruction| Size	| Register	|  Memory	| 
--------------------------------------------- 
| ASR, ASL	| Word	| 6+2n(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	| 8+2n(1/0)	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------- 
| LSR, LSL	| Word	| 6+2n(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	| 8+2n(1/0)	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------- 
| ROR, ROL	| Word	| 6+2n(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	| 8+2n(1/0)	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------- 
| ROXR,ROXL	| Word	| 6+2n(1/0)	|  8(1/1)+	| 
|			| Long	| 8+2n(1/0)	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------- 
+ Add effective address calculation time 
n Is the shift count 

		TABLE 8 BIT MANIPULATION INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

--------------------------------------------------------------------- 
|Instruction| Size	|		Dynamic			|		 Static			| 
|			|		| Register	|  Memory	| Register	|  Memory	| 
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 
|	BCHG	| Byte	|	  -		|  8(1/1)+	|	  -		|  12(2/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  8(1/0)*	|	  -		|  12(2/0)*	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 
|	BCLR	| Byte	|	  -		|  8(1/1)+	|	  -		|  12(2/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  10(1/0)*	|	  -		|  14(2/0)*	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 
|	BSET	| Byte	|	  -		|  8(1/1)+	|	  -		|  12(2/1)+	| 
|			| Long	|  8(1/0)*	|	  -		|  12(2/0)*	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 
|	BTST	| Byte	|	  -		|  4(1/0)+	|	  -		|  8(2/0)+	| 
|			| Long	|  6(1/0)	|	  -		|  10(2/0)	|	  -		| 
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 
+ Add effective address calculation time 
* Indicates maximum value 

 TABLE 9 CONDITIONAL INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

------------------------------------------------- 
|Instruction|Displace-	|  Branch	|  Branch	| 
|			|	ment	|  Taken	| Not Taken	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	Bcc		|	Byte	|  10(2/0)	|  8(1/0)	| 
|			|	Word	|  10(2/0)	|  12(2/0)	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	BRA		|	Byte	|  10(2/0)	|	  -		| 
|			|	Word	|  10(2/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	BSR		|	Byte	|  18(2/2)	|	  -		| 
|			|	Word	|  18(2/2)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	DBcc	|	Byte	|	  -		|  12(2/0)	| 
|			|	Word	|  10(2/0)	|  14(3/0)	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
+ Add effective address calculation time 
* Indicates maximum value 

		TABLE 10 JMP, JSR, LEA, PEA AND MOVEM INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
|INSTR	| SIZE	|  (An)	| (An)+	| -(An)	| d(An)	|d(A,R)*| xxx.W	| xxx.L	| d(PC)	|d(PC,R)*| 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
| JMP	|	-	| 8(2/0)|	-	|	-	|10(2/0)|14(3/0)|10(2/0)|12(3/0)|10(2/0)| 14(3/0)| 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
| JSR	|	-	|16(2/2)|	-	|	-	|18(2/2)|22(2/2)|18(2/2)|20(3/2)|18(2/2)| 22(2/2)| 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
| LEA	|	-	| 4(1/0)|	-	|	-	| 8(2/0)|12(2/0)| 8(2/0)|12(3/0)| 8(2/0)| 12(2/0)| 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
| PEA	|	-	|12(1/2)|	-	|	-	|16(2/2)|20(2/2)|16(2/2)|20(3/2)|16(2/2)| 20(2/2)| 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
|		| Word	| 12+4n	| 12+4n	|	-	| 16+4n	| 18+4n	| 16+4n	| 20+4n	| 16+4n	| 18+4n	 | 
| MOVEM	|		| (3+n)	| (3+n)	|	-	| (4+n)	| (4+n)	| (4+n)	| (5+n)	| (4+n)	| (4+n)	 | 
|		|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| M->R	| Long	| 12+8n	| 12+8n	|	-	| 16+8n	| 18+8n	| 16+8n	| 20+8n	| 16+8n	| 18+8n	 | 
|		|		|(3+2n)	|(3+2n)	|	-	| (4+2n)| (4+2n)| (4+2n)| (5+2n)| (4+2n)| (4+2n) | 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
|		| Word	| 8+4n	|	-	| 8+4n	| 12+4n	| 14+4n	| 12+4n	| 16+4n	|	-	|	-	 | 
| MOVEM	|		| (2/n)	|	-	| (2/n)	| (3/n)	| (3/n)	| (3/n)	| (4/n)	|	-	|	-	 | 
|		|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
| R->M	| Long	| 8+8n	|	-	| 8+8n	| 12+8n	| 14+8n	| 12+8n	| 16+8n	|	-	|	-	 | 
|		|		| (2/2n)|	-	| (2/2n)| (3/2n)| (3/2n)| (3/2n)| (4/2n)|	-	|	-	 | 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
n Is the number of registers to move 
* The size of the index register does not affect execution time 

 
TABLE 11 MULTI-PRECISION INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

------------------------------------------------- 
|Instruction|   Size	| op Dn,Dn	|  op M, M	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	ADDX	| Byte/Word	|	4(1/0)	|	18(3/1)	| 
|			|	Long	|	8(1/0)	|	30(5/2)	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	CMPM	| Byte/Word	|	  -		|	12(3/0)	| 
|			|	Long	|	  -		|	20(5/2)	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	SUBX	| Byte/Word	|	4(1/0)	|	18(3/1)	| 
|			|	Long	|	8(1/0)	|	30(5/2)	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	ABCD	|	Byte	|	6(1/0)	|	18(3/1)	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	SBCD	|	Byte	|	6(1/0)	|	18(3/1)	| 
------------------------------------------------- 

TABLE 12 MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

------------------------------------------------- 
|Instruction|   Size	| Register	|   Memory	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|ANDI TO CCR|	Byte	|	20(3/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|ANDI TO SR	|	Word	|	20(3/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	CHK		|	  -		|  10(1/0)+	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|EORI TO CCR|	Byte	|	20(3/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|EORI TO SR	|	Word	|	20(3/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|ORI TO CCR	|	Byte	|	20(3/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
| ORI TO SR	|	Word	|	20(3/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|MOVE SR ->	|	  -		|	6(1/0)	|	8(1/1)+	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|MOVE -> CCR|	  -		|	12(2/0)	|  12(2/0)+	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|MOVE -> SR	|	  -		|	12(2/0)	|  12(2/0)+	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	EXG		|	  -		|	6(1/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	EXT		|	Word	|	4(1/0)	|	  -		| 
|			|	Long	|	4(1/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	LINK	|	  -		|	16(2/2)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|MOVE USP ->|	  -		|	4(1/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|MOVE -> USP|	  -		|	4(1/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	NOP		|	  -		|	4(1/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	RESET	|	  -		|  132(1/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	RTE		|	  -		|	20(5/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	RTR		|	  -		|	20(5/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	RTS		|	  -		|	16(4/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	STOP	|	  -		|	4(1/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	SWAP	|	  -		|	4(1/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	TRAPV	|	  -		|	4(1/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	UNLK	|	  -		|	12(3/0)	|	  -		| 
------------------------------------------------- 
+ Add effective address calculation time 

 
TABLE 13 MOVE PHERIPHERAL INSTRUCTION EXECUTION TIMES 

------------------------------------------------- 
|Instruction|   Size	| Reg->Mem	| Mem->Reg	| 
------------------------------------------------- 
|	MOVEP	|	Word	|	16(2/2)	|	16(4/0)	| 
|			|	Long	|	24(2/4)	|	24(6/0)	| 
-------------------------------------------------

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